Скачать или смотреть Evolution of ABO blood groups System || O ब्लड ग्रुप से A, B, AB तथा बॉम्बे ब्लड ग्रुप कैसे बने

Blood group is decided by the type of antigen present on the plasma membrane of RBC. the antigens are special glycoproteins.
ABO system and Rh system of blood groups are important for blood transfusion. In ABO system the original blood group is O. In O blood group the antigen is H, also known as substance H. In this antigen a chain of four monosaccharide molecules is present as glycocalyx with protein chain. The carbohydrate chain which is as oligosaccharide chain (a chain of fucose, galactose, galactosamine and galactose) is attached with the help of enzyme glycosyl transferase. Due to mutation in the gene responsible for synthesis of glycosyl transferase the function of enzyme is changed and in place of chain of 4 monosaccharide molecules a 5-monosaccharide molecule chain is attached. The fifth one is n-acetylglucosamine. Now the antigen formed is called as antigen A.
Once again due to mutation a new type of glycosyl transferase has also been formed. This enzyme brings galactose as fifth monosaccharide. This time the antigen is known as B.
In some people one more mutation has been discovered. The enzyme formed this time combines only three monosaccharide units (galactose, N-acetyl glucosamine, and galactose). This antigen is known as antigen h which is for Bombay blood group.
ABO system has antibodies also in plasma. They are the special immunoglobulins. 'A' blood group has antibody 'b'. 'B' blood group has antibody 'A' Blood group 'O' has both antibodies 'a' and 'b'. 'AB' blood group has neither of antibodies. In Bombay blood group antibodies are present against A, B and H antigens.
Rh antigen was discovered in Rhesus monkey. In human population about 90% persons also have this antigen and they are called as Rh positive. Remaining are called as Rh Negative.
We don't have antibodies against Rh antigen by birth, but Rh-negative persons can develop Rh antibodies if receives antigen Rh. This blood group is important both for blood transfusion and for newborns.
AB+ is known as universal recipient and o- as universal donor.
MN system is not important for blood transfusion. With the help of this blood group several medicolegal disputes were solved.








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