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The Legal History of Abortion: Roe v. Wade and Beyond
Abortion laws vary worldwide, but in the United States, the legal battle over abortion has always revolved around one key question: Who gets to decide? The individual, the federal government, or the states?

In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court made a historic decision in Roe v. Wade, a case that legalized abortion nationwide. The Court ruled that a woman's right to privacy, protected by the 14th Amendment, included the right to have an abortion. However, the decision allowed states to regulate abortions after the first trimester.

This ruling struck a balance: women had the right to choose, but states could impose restrictions, particularly later in pregnancy.

In 1992, the Supreme Court revisited abortion laws in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. The Court reaffirmed the core idea of Roe but gave states more power to regulate abortions—provided they didn’t create an “undue burden” for women seeking the procedure.

Then, in 2022, the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade entirely. The Court ruled that abortion is not a constitutional right, returning the authority to regulate—or ban—it to individual states.

Today, abortion laws in the U.S. vary widely. Some states, like California, protect abortion rights, while others, like Texas, have enacted near-total bans. The result is a patchwork of laws that depend on where you live.

What About Other Countries?
Globally, abortion laws differ greatly:

Countries like Canada allow abortion without restrictions.
In most of Europe, abortion is legal but regulated by gestational limits, often set around 12 weeks.
On the other hand, countries like El Salvador have total bans, even in cases of rape or when the mother’s life is at risk.
Why Does This Matter?
The legal status of abortion isn’t just about health—it’s about rights, privacy, and how power is shared between individuals and governments.

As laws continue to change, abortion remains one of the most debated legal and moral issues around the world.