Entamoeba histolytica | Structure and Function | Parasitology | Basic Science Series

Entamoeba histolytica | Structure and Function | Parasitology | Basic Science Series
Entamoeba histolytica, Amoebiasis, Trophozoite, Cyst, Eukaryotic organism, Amoebozoa, Transmission, Fecal contamination, Poor sanitation, Invasive intestinal disease, Amoebic dysentery, Colitis, Pseudopodia, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Karyosome, Chromatin, Food vacuole, Ingested RBCs, Dormant stage.

• Entamoeba histolytica is a single-celled, eukaryotic organism belonging to the phylum Amoebozoa. It can exist in two forms: the active, motile trophozoite stage, and the dormant, non-motile cyst stage. The parasite is transmitted through contaminated food or water, facilitated by poor sanitation and hygiene practices.

• E. histolytica can cause a range of diseases, from asymptomatic colonization to invasive amoebiasis, resulting in amoebic dysentery or colitis. The trophozoite stage is responsible for causing the invasive intestinal and extraintestinal disease.

• The trophozoite of E. histolytica is typically 10 to 60 micrometers in diameter and has an irregular, ameboid shape. It can change its shape and move using pseudopodia (temporary extensions of its cytoplasm). The cytoplasm contains various organelles responsible for metabolic activities and digestion, with ectoplasm being the outer gel-like region and endoplasm being the inner fluid-like region.

• The trophozoite contains a single, large, and centrally located nucleus with a karyosome, which is a condensed cluster of chromatin material. It ingests red blood cells from the host's intestinal lining.

• Under certain conditions, trophozoites can transform into cysts, the dormant and resistant form of the parasite, responsible for its transmission to new hosts through contaminated food or water.
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