Public Expenditure in Hindi

• Public Expenditure
o Government capital
o Government current
• Causes of Increase in Public Expenditure:
o Size of the Country and Population:
o Defence Expenditure:
o Welfare State:
o Economic Development:
o Price Rise
• Types of Public Expenditure:
o Developmental and non-developmental expenditures.
o Revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
o Plan expenditure and non-plan expenditure.
• Canons of Public Expenditure:
o Canon of benefit
o Canon of economy
o Canon of sanction
o Canon of surplus
• Importance of Public Expenditure:
o Economic Development:
o Fiscal Policy Instrument:
o Redistribution of Income:
o Balanced Regional Growth:

Composition of Public Expenditure
Public expenditure can be divided into COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government) categories. Those categories are
1. Social protection – pensions, subsidies for family and children, unemployment subsidies, R&D (Research and Development) on social protection.
2. Health - public health services, medical products, appliances and equipment, hospital services, R&D on healthcare.
3. General Public Services - executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs, foreign economic aid, public debt transactions, R&D related to general public services
4. Education - pre-primary, primary, secondary, tertiary education, R&D on education etc.
5. Economic Affairs - general economic, agriculture, fuel and energy, commercial and labour affairs, forestry, fishing and hunting, mining, manufacturing, transport, communication etc.
6. Public order and safety - police, fire-protection services, law courts, prisons etc.
7. Defence - military defence, civil defence, foreign military aid.
8. Recreation, culture and religion – Recreational and sporting services, cultural services, broadcasting and publishing services, religious services etc.

Source of composition: Wikipedia.

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