Скачать или смотреть Operations Research #1

What is Operations Research?

Definition of OR: Operations research (OR) is an analytical method of problem-solving and decision-making that is useful in the management of organizations. In operations research, problems are broken down into basic components and then solved in defined steps by mathematical analysis.

Definitions:
(i) It is the application of scientific methods, techniques and tools to problems involving the operations of a system so as to provide those in the control of the system with optimum solutions to the problems.
(ii) Operation Research is a tool for taking decisions which searches for the optimum results in parity with the overall objectives and constraints of the organisation.
(iii) O.R. is a scientific method of providing executive department with a quantitative basis of decisions regarding the operations under their control.
(iv) O.R. is a scientific approach to problem solving for management.
(v) O.R. is an aid for executive in making his decisions by providing him with the needed quantitative information‘s based on the scientific method of analysis.

The process of operations research can be broadly broken down into the following steps:

1. Identifying a problem that needs to be solved.
2. Constructing a model around the problem that resembles the real world and variables.
3. Using the model to derive solutions to the problem.
4. Testing each solution on the model and analyzing its success.
5. Implementing the solution to the actual problem.

Disciplines that are similar to, or overlap with, operations research include statistical analysis, management science, game theory, optimization theory, artificial intelligence and network analysis. All of these techniques have the goal of solving complex problems and improving quantitative decisions. The concept of operations research arose during World War II by military planners. After the war, the techniques used in their operations research were applied to addressing problems in business, the government and society.

What is Productions Management?

Production management is the process of managing the conversion of production inputs (raw materials, human resources, and capital) into production outputs (the goods that a company produces). It is an integral part of overall business management and encompasses overseeing both the planning as well as the execution of the manufacturing process. As such, production management involves managing physical materials and inventories, as well as adherence to design specifications, equipment utilization, performance, and labor in order to implement the company’s production strategy.
The role of production management is to harmonize all key aspects related to production. Sometimes also referred to as the 5 Ms of production, these include:
1)men (workforce and labor),
2)machines (equipment),
3)methods (production processes, workstations and routings),
4)materials (raw materials, components and/or sub-assemblies), and
5)money (financing and asset utilization).
Effectively and continuously managing production is key in realizing efficiency gains and keeping the production process up to date. A well-designed and executed manufacturing operation translates directly into increased profits, controlled costs, and an improved bottom line.
As production management requires the coordination and supervision of both people, materials, and equipment, managers need to continually make decisions in four key areas:
Based on your readings, how are these two related?

Operations Research & Management. Some of the areas of management where tools of operations Research are applied are listed below:

3. Production Management
(i) Physical distribution.
(a) Location and size of warehouses distribution centers retailoutets etc.
(b) Distribution policy.
(ii) Manufacturing and facility planning.
(a) Production scheduling and sequencing
(b) Project scheduling and allocation or resources.
(c) Number and location of factories were houses hospitals and their sizes.
(d) Determining the optimum production mix.
(iii) Manufacturing
(a) Maintenance policies and preventive maintenance
maintenance
(b) Maintenance crew sizes.

What are the possible applications of OR & PM?Mention atleast two
What are the applications of operations research in management?
Uses of operations research
Scheduling and time management.
Urban and agricultural planning.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM).
Inventory management.
Network optimization and engineering.
Packet routing optimization.
Risk management.
Scheduling and time management.


How can OR & PM be applied in your field of work?Use this to entice audience to explore OR & PM.

Operations research is important because it creates implementable solutions to complex academic challenges. It uses data to create information, which can then be used as insights to improve results and make better decisions about the future of the certain curriculum.