What is ammunition | Composition | Types | Forensic ballistics | UGC NET forensic science

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Ammunition is the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon.
It consists of: (ii) Propellants (iii) Primers (iv) Projectiles (v) Wads (vi)Rim

Propellants fill the interior of an ammunition cartridge leading to the expulsion of a bullet or shell. The powder charge gets ignited through primer and converts it in to gas very quickly, thereby resulting in development of high pressure in the cartridge and forcing the bullet to get out of the barrel. The three types of propellants used are –
(a) Gunpowder (Black powder): Gunpowder is a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal in the ratio of 75:10:15
(b) Smokeless powder: The basic constituents of the smokeless powders are nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose (gun cotton).
(c) Semi- smokeless powder: Semi smokeless powder is mixture of black powder and nitro cellulose.

The primer is the chemical and/or device responsible for initiating the propellant combustion that will push the projectiles out of the gun barrel.

The “Wad” refers to the small disc of material that separates the powder from the lead shot — it is pushed down the barrel behind the shot when the powder is ignited by the primer.

Rim provides the extractor on the firearm a place to grip the casing to remove it from the chamber once fired. It can be rimmed, rimless, semi rimmed. rebated and belted.

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