भारत के सबसे जहरीले पेड़ | India's most poisonous plants |

भारत के सबसे जहरीले पेड़ | India's most poisonous plants |

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Here is the list of India's most poisonous plants :

1. Cerbera odollam or 'Suicide Tree'

The ‘suicide tree’, according to scientific reports, is responsible for killing many people in India both by suicidal and homicidal poisoning. The name of the plant, Cerbera odollam, is derived from Cerberus, the mythical hound with three heads that guards the gates of the underworld and makes sure that the living are barred from entry and the dead are barred from leaving. The plant grows all across India and is quite infamous for its sinister qualities. A scientific team in France, reported that between 1989 and 1999 there were 500 cases of Cerbera poisoning leading to death. In Kerala, half of the deaths due to poisoning are contributed to Cerbera. The kernels of the plant, the most poisonous parts, have an extremely bitter taste. However, if mixed with spices and other spicy foods, it easily disguises the bitterness. The kernels hold the death toxin, cerberin. Cerberin is a cardiotoxin which blocks some ion channels of the heart, stopping the heartbeat. Women are often the victims of homicidal Cerbera poisoning. It is thus believed that many young wives may be killed by their in laws’ families using this death toxin. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are the primary symptoms of cerberin poisoning. This is followed by worsening of symptoms like diarrhoea, dilated pupils, heart burning, headache, coma and finally death within 3-6 hours. 

2. Datura stramonium

Almost all parts of the Datura plants can kill you. The plant is laden with dangerous poisons like hyoscyamine, atropine and scopolamine, overdose of which could lead to fatal consequences. The symptoms include delirium, amnesia, lowering of heartbeat, hyperthermia, pupil dilation with painful photophobia, bizarre behaviour and at high doses, death. Datura seeds, mixed with food, have been used by servants to kill their employers, wives to kill their husbands, robbers to knock off train passengers and for revenge killing for centuries. 

3. Strychnos nux-vomica

Strychnine is an alkaloid poison derived from the Strychnos nux vomica tree. It has been used since the early 16th century as a rodenticide. In the 1900’s, strychnine was responsible for a number of deaths in children. Accidental poisonings, homicide and suicide cases due to strychnine were also widely reported during that time. Today, most cases of strychnine poisoning are due to adulteration of street drugs, homeopathic medications and herbal remedies. Strychnine is also found as a pesticide that kills rats. You may be exposed to the poison through water, food or even inhalation of the fumes. Strychnine prevents the proper functioning of the chemical messenger system of the body, producing painful muscle spasm and in lethal doses, loss of the ability to breather followed by death. Fear and agitation, painful muscle spasms, tight jaws, breathing difficulties and darkened urine are some of the symptoms of strychnine poisoning.

4. Abrus precatorious

Abrin is an extremely toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius. It has a median toxic dose of 0.7 micrograms per kilogram of body mass when given to mice intravenously (approximately 31.4 times more toxic than ricin, being 22 micrograms per kilogram). The median toxic dose for humans ranges from 10 to 1000 micrograms per kilogram when ingested and is 3.3 micrograms per kilogram when inhaled.

5. Ricinus communis

The seeds of Ricinus communis or the castor plant, contains ricin, one of the  most potent toxins of the natural world. The castor bean contains two toxin, the ricin and RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin). The former is primarily cytotoxic and the latter is a powerful hemagglutinin (clots blod). However, ricin is the more dangerous toxin as it is easily absorbed by the intestinal wall which is not the case with RCA. One milligram of ricin is potent enough to kill an adult! The symptoms involve nausea and vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, severe dehydration, pain in the abdomen, drop in blood pressure and urine. Often, necklaces are made using castor seeds which must be kept well out of reach of children. Castor seeds swallowed in whole are usually passed out as stool but when chewed or bitten, ricin is released into the body. It is believed that even a single seed can kill a child.

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