Скачать или смотреть Class Amphibia | Classification Of Vertebrate | Chapter 1 | Lecture 16 | Class 11 Biology New Book

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🐸 In this lecture, we explore Class Amphibia, the first class of tetrapods, including their key characteristics, adaptations, and representative examples, along with a detailed labelled frog diagram.

🎯 Key Topics Covered:
✅ Variable body – with or without tail
✅ Skin: Smooth, moist, without scales
✅ Cold-blooded / Poikilothermic / Ectothermic nature
✅ Hibernation in winter to avoid low temperature
✅ Ability to regulate but not maintain constant body temperature
✅ Respiration:
Larval stage → Gills
Adult stage → Skin and lungs
✅ Skeleton:
Bony endoskeleton
Flattened, small skull
Neck present (first vertebra = cervical vertebra)
✅ Heart:
3 chambers (two atria, one ventricle)
Double circulation
✅ Reproduction:
Separate sexes
Fertilization external
✅ Examples:
Frogs & Toads (tailless)
Salamanders (tailed amphibians)
Caecilians (legless amphibians)

📚 Aligned with 2025 Punjab Board Syllabus

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