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Shambhaji Maharaj (1657–1689)

He was the second Chhatrapati (king) of the Maratha Empire and the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha kingdom. He ruled from 1681 until his death in 1689. Known for his bravery, administrative skills, and scholarly pursuits, Sambhaji played a crucial role in defending and expanding the Maratha Empire against the Mughals and other enemies.

Early Life and Education:🚩

Born on 14 May 1657 at Purandar Fort.
He was well-educated, fluent in multiple languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, and Marathi.
Raised under the guidance of his grandmother Jijabai and other tutors after his mother, Saibai, passed away when he was young.
Accession to the Throne:
After Shivaji Maharaj’s death in 1680, there was a brief succession struggle between Sambhaji and his stepmother’s son, Rajaram.
Sambhaji ascended the throne in 1681 and was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.

Military Achievements:🚩

Fought against the Mughal Empire: Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, considered the Marathas a major threat to his empire. Sambhaji fiercely resisted Mughal expansion.
Campaigns in South India: Led successful campaigns against the Siddis of Janjira, Portuguese in Goa, and other regional powers.
Guerrilla Warfare: Continued the guerrilla tactics initiated by Shivaji Maharaj to counter larger Mughal forces.

Conflict with Aurangzeb and Martyrdom:😡

In 1689, Sambhaji was captured by Mughal forces due to a betrayal by some of his own people.
Aurangzeb offered him a chance to convert to Islam and spare his life, but Sambhaji refused.
He endured severe torture and was executed on 11 March 1689, becoming a symbol of Hindu resistance and martyrdom.

Legacy:🚩

Sambhaji Maharaj is remembered for his unwavering courage and sacrifice in the face of adversity.
He laid the foundation for future Maratha resurgence, which eventually weakened the Mughal Empire.
His legacy continues to inspire millions, and he is honored as Dharamveer (Protector of Dharma)..

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