Скачать или смотреть L111- Mughal Empire - Later Peshwas & Anglo Maratha Wars

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Madhav Rao I (1761 AD to 1772 AD):
He was the last great Peshwa, he encouraged the Nizam of Hyderabad and Hyder Ali of Mysore to pay Chauth
In 1772 AD, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was brought from Allahabad to Delhi, and the Mughal Emperor accepted the protection of the Marathas
He died suddenly of tuberculosis
On the death of Madhavrao I, Grant Duff has written: The battle of Panipat did not prove to be as fatal for the Maratha Empire as the untimely demise of this great ruler
Narayan Rao (1772 AD to 1773 AD): After Madhavrao, his brother Narayan Rao ascended the throne, who was murdered by his uncle Raghunath Rao (Raghova)
Madhav Narayan Rao (1774 AD-1795 AD): After the death of Narayan Rao, his minor son Madhavrao II was made Peshwa. For its protection, Barabhai Parishad was appointed whose head was Nana Fadnavis. Nana Fadnavis is called the Machiavelli of Marathas. During his reign, Raghunath Rao, who wanted to become Peshwa, fled to Mumbai, which resulted in the Anglo-Maratha War

ANGLO MARATHA WARS
Treaty of Surat 1775AD: Under this treaty between the British and Radhunath Rao, the British will help in making Radhunath Rao the Peshwa, in return the British will receive Salsette and Bassein
First Anglo-Maratha War - 1775 AD - 1782 A.D.:
The Bombay Council waged war against the Marathas without taking permission from the Governor General Warren Hastings and Col. Kittiger defeated the Marathas in the Battle of Aaras
The Calcutta Council canceled the Treaty of Surat of the Bombay Government and Warren Hastings again made a Treaty of Purander with the Marathas in 1776, under which the British would not help Raghunath Rao, in return the British would receive Salsette
But the Court of Directors upheld the treaty of Surat, so the Bombay Council started the war again
But in 1779 AD, the Marathas defeated the British in the Battle of Talgaon
Treaty of Wadgaon - 1779 AD: The British defeated in Talgaon had to return all the land won by the Bombay Council, Salsette also went out of the hands of the British. But Warren Hastings did not accept this humiliating treaty & started the war again. But at the same time the British were also embroiled in the Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84), so the British again signed the Treaty of Salbai with the Peshwas
Treaty of Salbai (1782) - According to this treaty, Madhav Narayan Rao was accepted as Peshwa, Salsette Island was received by the British and the British left the side of Raghunath Rao

Second Anglo Maratha - 1802-1805 A.D.
By 1800 AD all the important Maratha chieftains died, Mahadji Scindia in 1794, Madhav Narayan Rao in 1795, Tukoji Holkar in 1799 and Nana Fadnavis in 1800 AD
After the death of Madhav Narayan Rao, Baji Rao II, son of Raghunath Rao, became the next Peshwa
Peshwa Bajirao-II used to fight Maratha chieftains among themselves to secure his position – he, along with Daulatrao Scindia, killed Yashwantrao Holkar's younger brother Vitthuji, as a result, Yashwantrao Holkar attacked Pune and defeated Scindia and the Peshwa. Defeated the army at a place called Hridaysar
Peshwa Bajirao- II ran away and took refuge with the British and signed the Treaty of Bassein (1802)
Treaty of Bassein - 31 December 1802 - The British kept a British regiment in Poona for the protection of Peshav Bajirao II, whose expenses were to be borne by Bajirao-II. It was a subsidiary alliance, under this treaty Peshwa provided 6,000 soldiers and 26 lakh rupees and the city of Surat to the British
After this treaty, Peshwa realized his mistake and Bhonsle and Scindia supported Peshwa, and started a war against the British
Along with this, Holkar was fighting separately from the British
Lord Wellesley finally defeated all the Maratha chieftains and forced them to make separate treaties
Under which Treaty of Devgaon (1803 AD) with British and Bhonsle, Treaty of Surji Arjan gaon with Scindia (1803) and Treaty of Rajpur Ghat (Yanshwantrao Holkar-III) with Holkars (1805)

Third Anglo Maratha War - (1817-1818):
After the death of Raghuji Bhosle in 1816, his minor son Parshuji became his successor, Parshuji's guardian was his mother Bakabai and Appa Saheb himself wanted to acquire complete power, so he made treaty of Nagpur in 1816 AD, which was a subsidiary alliance
Governor General Lord Hastings put pressure on Bajirao-II to end the Maratha confederacy on the pretext of suppressing the Pindaris, Bajirao-II refused and started the war, but the British captured Kirkee in 1817 and Koregaon in 1818. Peshwa was defeated in the war of Ashti, in 1818 between the British and Peshwa, there was a treaty of Poona, according to which the Maratha union was abolished and Bajirao-II was sent to Bithur (Kanpur) after giving pension