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Learn how to seamlessly pass the `NODE_ENV` environment variable from your package.json file to Docker-Compose to avoid undefined errors in your Node.js application.
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How to Pass NODE_ENV from package.json to Docker-Compose: A Step-by-Step Guide

If you're working with Node.js and Docker, you may encounter situations where you need to pass environment variables, specifically NODE_ENV, from your package.json file into your Docker-Compose configuration. This task can sometimes be tricky, especially if you find that process.env.NODE_ENV is coming through as undefined in your application.

In this guide, we will go step-by-step to ensure you can successfully pass the NODE_ENV variable and resolve this common issue.

Understanding the Issue

When you run your Docker containers, it's crucial that the correct environment variables are set to ensure your application behaves appropriately based on its environment (e.g., development, production).

In your case, you're trying to set NODE_ENV=profiling-local but finding it undefined in your Node.js code. Let's investigate how to resolve this.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Review Docker-Compose Configuration

Start by looking at your existing Docker-Compose file. Here’s a simplified version of your setup:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Notice the environment variable declaration for NODE_ENV. This setup expects you to supply the actual value when running Docker-Compose.

2. Set Up Environment Variables in package.json

Your package.json is correctly set up to define the script for running Docker-Compose. Here’s the relevant section:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

This script should ideally pass the variable as you intend it to. However, the syntax used might cause issues when interpreted or executed.

3. Use Docker Built Arguments

One thing you might be missing is the necessity to pass build arguments directly with the docker-compose command. Make sure you include the --build-arg flag:

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4. Testing It Out

Once you’ve adjusted your script or command line to include this build argument, you can run:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

After you run this command, check your application by logging the value of process.env.NODE_ENV in your Node.js code:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

5. Additional Tips

Environment Files: Consider using a .env file. Docker-Compose can read variables from this file, which helps keep your sensitive data organized and away from the codebase.

Multiple Environments: For different environments, you might create dedicated scripts in your package.json. Adjust the NODE_ENV value accordingly.

Debugging: If you still face issues, add logging to your Dockerfile or entry scripts to understand how the environment variables are being set.

Conclusion

Passing environment variables between package.json and Docker-Compose can be accomplished with careful attention to syntax and arguments.

By following these structured steps, you should be able to set your NODE_ENV variable and avoid those pesky undefined errors. The next time you need to configure your environment, refer back to this guide for a quick resolution.

Happy coding!