Скачать или смотреть How to Write an .htaccess File with Apache Redirect and Rewrite Rules

Learn how to efficiently write an `.htaccess` file to redirect HTTP to HTTPS, www to non-www, and rewrite URLs in `Apache`. Follow our step-by-step guide for effective implementation.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/71088977/ asked by the user 'Daoud' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/3523896/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/71095798/ provided by the user 'MrWhite' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/369434/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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How to Write an .htaccess File with Apache Redirect and Rewrite Rules

The .htaccess file is a powerful configuration file used on web servers running Apache. It allows the user to set up various configurations, such as redirects, rewrites, and other settings that can influence how web requests are processed. In this post, we will tackle a common issue: writing specific rules in an .htaccess file to handle HTTP and HTTPS, as well as redirecting www to non-www URLs and rewriting paths.

Problem Overview

Suppose our website is www.example.com, and we want to implement the following rules:

Redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS.

Redirect all www requests to non-www.

Rewrite URLs like https://example.com/xyz to https://example.com/post.php?id=xyz.

Initial Attempt

You might attempt to write these rules as follows:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

However, this code has some issues that need to be addressed for it to function correctly.

Solution Explanation

Step 1: Enable the Rewrite Engine

Before adding any specific rules, we must ensure the RewriteEngine is turned on. This tells the server to process the following rewrite rules.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 2: Redirect HTTP to HTTPS and www to non-www

To better manage redirects efficiently, we'll combine both requirements into one set of rules. These directives check if the request is not secured (HTTP) or contains www, then redirect accordingly.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Explanation of the Redirection:

Condition 1: Check if HTTPS is off (meaning the request is not secure).

Condition 2: Check if the HTTP host starts with www..

Condition 3: Capture the domain portion after removing www..

Rewrite Rule: Redirect to the HTTPS version of the site without the www subdomain using a 301 (permanent) redirect.

Step 3: Rewrite URLs to post.php

Next, we need to rewrite paths such as /xyz into our query format that directs to post.php.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Explanation of the Rewrite Rules:

Condition 1: Exclude requests for files with specific extensions (CSS, JavaScript, images).

Condition 2: Confirm that the requested file does not physically exist.

Rewrite Rule: Redirect the request to post.php, appending the requested path as a query parameter.

Important Note

Testing: Initially, use a 302 (temporary) redirect to test the changes before switching to a 301 (permanent) redirect. This helps to avoid caching issues during development.

SSL Certificate: Make sure the SSL certificate is correctly installed on your server to enable HTTPS.

Conclusion

By following these organized steps, you can create an effective .htaccess file to manage your website's redirects and rewrites seamlessly. For many website administrators and developers, mastering .htaccess syntax is a key skill for ensuring a smooth user experience and optimizing site performance.

Now you're equipped with the knowledge to set up your .htaccess file correctly for directing HTTP to HTTPS, removing the www subdomain, and rewriting URLs. Happy coding!