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Thermoelectric Materials and devices for waste heat recovery:
Thermoelectric materials and devices have gained significant attention for their potential in waste heat recovery, converting heat directly into electricity. This technology can play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency in various industries by harvesting energy that would otherwise be lost as waste heat.

Thermoelectric Effect
The thermoelectric effect involves the direct conversion of temperature differences into electric voltage and vice versa. It includes three main effects:

Seebeck Effect: Generation of an electric voltage when there is a temperature difference across a material.
Peltier Effect: Absorption or emission of heat when an electric current is passed through the junction of two different materials.
Thomson Effect: Heat absorption or emission in a homogeneous conductor carrying a current when there is a temperature gradient.