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A nuclear fission chain reaction is a process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom (such as Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239) absorbs a neutron and splits into two smaller nuclei.
During this splitting, a large amount of energy, 2–3 new neutrons, and gamma radiation are released.

These newly released neutrons strike nearby nuclei, causing them to split as well.
This leads to a self-sustaining chain reaction.

If the reaction is controlled, it is used in nuclear reactors to produce electricity.

If the reaction is uncontrolled, it results in a nuclear explosion (atomic bomb).


The chain reaction continues as long as enough fissile material and neutrons are present.


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