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Bacterial Binary Fission

Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which results in doubling of the number of viable bacterial cells. Therefore, during active bacterial growth, the number of bacterial cells and, hence their population, continuously doubles at specific time intervals because each binary fission takes a specific duration of time. This specific time interval between two subsequent binary fissions is known as generation time or doubling time.

If we start with a single bacterial cell, its fission proceeds as a geometric progression (exponential growth) with one cell , dividing to form two, these two to four, further to eight and so on i.e. each succeeding fission (generation), assuming no cell death, doubles the population size
1 21 22 23 24 25 2n

Geometric progression. n = the number of generations

Generation time or doubling time varies considerably among different bacteria
A bacterium such as E. coli enjoys generation time as short as 20 minutes under optimal conditions, although in nature many bacteria have generation times of several hours.

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