Fundamentals of Aerodynamics - 3 Axes of Rotation on an Aircraft - For Student Pilots

In this video, I talk about the axes of rotation on an aircraft and the movements around them... pitch, roll, and yaw.

The roll axis is also called the longitudinal axis and the roll is the rotation about this axis. What causes roll? When the pilot turns the yoke left or right they are commanding the ailerons to lower or raise at the trailing edge of the wings. The ailerons on the left wing work opposite to the ailerons on the right wing. So when the left wing's ailerons are deflected down, the right wing's ailerons are deflected up. When an aileron is deflected down into the free stream air it increases the camber of the wing and increases its lifting ability. Therefore, when the wing's aileron is deflected down it is creating more lift on the wing and the wing will raise. At the same time on the opposite wing, the aileron is being deflected up and creating less lift. This causes the wing to drop. When one wing drops and the other raises it is rolling about the longitudinal axis.

Aircraft yaw is rotation about the vertical axis. Yaw is caused by the rudder. When a pilot uses the rudder pedals the rudder is deflected either left or right along the vertical stabilizer on the tail. When the rudder is deflected the free stream air runs into it and pushes against it, pushing the tail in the opposite direction. So if the pilot uses the right rudder and the rudder deflects to the right the wind will push against it and cause the tail to move left and the nose will move to the right. This is the aircraft rotating to the right on the vertical axis.

Aircraft pitch is rotation about the lateral axis. Pitch is caused by the elevator or stabilator on the horizontal tail surface. When the pilot pushes the yoke forward the elevator's leading edge is lifted up, increasing its angle of attack. This increase in angle of attack on the tails horizontal stabilizer causes more lift at the tail. This causes the tail to raise and the nose to drop as the aircraft rotates about the lateral axis that cuts through the wings. The opposite is true when the pilot pulls back on the yoke to climb.

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🛫 Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:33 Roll Axis
04:05 Yaw Axis
06:37 Pitch Axis
09:23 Visualization: 3 Axes of Rotation on an Aircraft

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