Скачать или смотреть New discovery for Subsurface lakes on Mars - new research updates.

Liquid water on Mars is of paramount significance to sustaining life, exploring where it may exist today or in the past. Planetary scientists are seeking out any possibilities for detecting the existence of liquid water. Clickable timestamps and more details as following:

00:05 - Introduction
00:39 - electrical permittivity, or dielectric constant
02:02 - Optical vs Radar remote sensing
02:24 - Electric conductivity
03:10 - New discovery on Mars 2018
04:14 - MARSIS specs
04:38 - New results from GRL 2021
05:00 - Subsurface magmatism
05:55 - Summary of three possibilities on subsurface water
06:48 - Natural sounds from singing birds and wind rustling the leaves.


Subsurface liquid water has a relatively higher real part of dielectric constant or electrical permittivity than ice and snow, and surrounding rocks depending on temperature and frequency. Different permittivity guides the faster or slower speed of radio waves within a medium. For example, it would be the fastest in vacuum, slower in ice-formed water but less slower in snow due to space between particles. Rocks and especially water are the slowest due to high dielectric constant than others. Thus, these influence the power of reflected waves or radar signals.

These fundamental concepts are huge differences between optical and radar spaceborne remote sensing. The former is only to receive electromagnetic radiation but the latter is to emit and to receive radar signals simultaneously.

Another new study also explained the potential of the brightness of the reflection owing to contracts in electric conductivity between materials. Electrical conductivity can be determined as how much electric voltage is recommended to receive an amount of electric current to flow. They suggested that a possibility of electrical conductivity could be related to other materials than pure liquid water ice under the south polar ice sheet on Mars.

With Mars Express orbiter data, scientists announced a surprising discovery in 2018 - a high possibility of liquid underground lake. However new research from Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration and Caltech research teams suggested it might be too cold to exist in liquid water - approximately minus 63 degrees Celsius. Their key findings from Geophysical Research Letters suggested high radar signal returns on the south pole in Mars can be related to subsurface clays, metal-bearing minerals or saline ice.

Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express is subsurface sounder with a dual channel low-frequency radar operating between 1.3 and 5.5 MHz (aka, 230 and 55 m wavelength) for subsurface sounding.

Scientists in GRL explained these bright radar returns were found widespreadly but wondering if it is liquid water or indicative of something else. Another possibility is subsurface magmatism on Mars as a heat source under the surface from the latest research Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona through numerical model simulations and local enhanced geothermal heat flux calculations. They suggested Martian magmatism could have been active extremely not long ago. Check the links of peer reviewed journals as below for more details.

In summary, current research scientists have suggested that liquid water in the subsurface; alternative materials such as subsurface clays, metal-bearing minerals or saline ice; or subsurface active volcanism as a heat source on Mars.

#Subsurfacelakes #LakesOnMars #MARSIS

➤ references and links

260 free vector icons of International flags designed by Freepik www.flaticon.com/packs/international-flags-3?k=1615208613470 via @flaticon

Mars Advanced Radar for subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) after nine years of operation: A summary
www.researchgate.net/publication/269098909

Characteristics of the Basal Interface of the Martian South Polar Layered Deposits
doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093631

Study sheds new light on composition at base of Martian southern polar cap
phys.org/news/

'Lakes' under Mars' south pole: A muddy picture?
phys.org/news/

Study Looks More Closely at Mars' Underground Water Signals
mars.nasa.gov/news/

Strong MARSIS Radar Reflections From the Base of Martian South Polar Cap May Be Due to Conductive Ice or Minerals
doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093880

Water on Mars, With a Grain of Salt: Local Heat Anomalies Are Required for Basal Melting of Ice at the South Pole Today
doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080985


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