Скачать или смотреть Chapter No 1 lecture No 1 On CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNTION INTRODUCTION

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Every plant, animal, and microorganism is made up of one or more cells. Cells carry out all vital life processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. Although cells vary in size, shape, and function, they share a common basic organization.

Cell structure refers to the physical components of a cell, known as organelles, each of which performs a specific function. Major cell organelles include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. In plant cells, additional structures such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole are present. The coordinated functioning of these organelles ensures the survival and proper functioning of the cell.

Understanding cell structure and function is essential for studying biology, as it explains how living organisms grow, develop, and maintain life. This knowledge also forms the foundation for fields such as genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.