Скачать или смотреть Risk factors of Ozone layer Depletion; Human Health, Environmental and Ecological Risks

Ozone Layer Depletion is primarily driven by human-made chemicals that disrupt the natural balance of ozone creation and destruction in the stratosphere. While the ozone layer is constantly regenerated through atmospheric processes, certain substances accelerate its breakdown—leading to increased exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

🔍 Key Risk Factors Contributing to Ozone Layer Depletion
1. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS)
These are the main culprits behind ozone degradation:

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Used in refrigerators, air conditioners, aerosol sprays, and foam-blowing agents.

Halons: Found in fire extinguishers and military equipment.

Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄): Used as a solvent and cleaning agent.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): Transitional replacements for CFCs, still harmful though less potent.

Methyl Bromide: A pesticide used in agriculture.

These substances release chlorine and bromine atoms when broken down by UV light in the stratosphere. A single chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules.

2. Industrial and Household Emissions
Leakage from old appliances and improperly disposed electronics.

Use of outdated refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

Poor regulation of chemical manufacturing and waste disposal.

3. Air Travel and Rocket Launches
High-altitude aircraft and rockets emit nitrogen oxides and other compounds that can interfere with ozone chemistry.

4. Natural Factors (Minor Contributors)
Volcanic eruptions: Can eject particles and gases into the stratosphere that affect ozone temporarily.

Sunspots and stratospheric winds: Influence ozone distribution but contribute only 1–2% of total depletion.

⚠️ Why It Matters
Ozone depletion increases UVB radiation at Earth’s surface, which:

Raises the risk of skin cancer and cataracts

Damages phytoplankton, the base of aquatic food chains

Reduces crop yields and harms plant growth

Weakens immune systems in humans and animals



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