Скачать или смотреть Primitive technology monosex tilapia feeding food || culture management of tilapia in fish farming

Tilapia are currently the most widely cultured fish in the world, with aquaculture now accounting for over 20 percent of the global seafood harvest. To make up for predicted shortfalls in wild harvest, the tilapia industry is responding, not only in its former strongholds throughout southeast Asia, but also in the Americas, the Car-ibbean, and now throughout Africa.

The main species cultured is the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which is popular due to its superior growth rates and ability to grow to large sizes over a wide range of environmental parameters. Its disease resistance and ability to efficiently utilize very diverse food sources also make it an ideal candidate for culture.

Increased production in tilapia has been based on extensive research efforts, with the most significant gains achieved by utilizing monosex production techniques. New entrants to the tilapia industry would not likely contemplate anything other than monosex production.

All tilapia exhibit early sexual maturity that leads to uncontrolled reproduction and large numbers of stunted and often unmarketable progeny. Single-sex culture eliminates this problem, and males are the obvious choice, as they exhibit considerably faster growth and achieve larger size than females.

Monosex populations were originally achieved by hormonal sex reversal of newly hatched fry using mainly methyl testosterone added to feed or the “immersion” technique, whereby fry are immersed in a concentrated solution of hormone.

Under proposed European Union legislation, however, hormonal sex reversal of tilapia could soon be banned in fish for human consumption, so the industry is moving away from hormone-treated tilapia. Recently in the United States, where tilapia consumption is increasing dramatically, the large chain of Whole Foods stores banned sales of hormone-treated tilapia, but welcomed the use of YY male technology as a safe and highly efficient replacement.


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