Скачать или смотреть Hierarchical Data Models in Databases|DBMS|Lecture 22|Urdu|Hindi

#Hierarchical #Data #Models in #Databases|#DBMS|Lecture 22|#Urdu|#Hindi
 Earlier DBMS Model was based on hierarchical Model.
 There is Parent Child Relationship in records.
 Most Popular Hierarchical database management system was Information Management System (IMS)
Characteristics of Hierarchical Model
 Data as Hierarchical Model: It is characterized by parent-child relationship between records.

 Only One Parent: Each child record has only one parent. Multiple Parents not allowed.
 Concurrency Issues: If there are more than occurrence of given record; manipulation and retrieval is done on single occurrence.
 Hierarchy through Pointers: In hierarchical databases, pointers are used to link and determine the parent and child records.
 Simple Structure: Simple one hierarchical model. Parent and child are stored closed in order to minimize disk input/output.
 High Performance: Hierarchy via pointers which makes navigation very fast resulting high performance.
 Predefined Relationships: Child records are dependent on root which is most important data type in hierarchy.
 Difficult Reorganization: It is difficult to reorganize as hierarchy has to be maintained hence pointers have also been manipulated to maintain parent child relationships.
 Complex Hierarchy: Real life hierarchies cannot be presented via this model due to complexity.
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