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Isozymes: Forms and Functions



Isozymes

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Isozymes, also known as isoenzymes, are different forms of an enzyme that catalyze the same reaction but have slight structural or functional differences. These variations arise due to genetic differences in the encoding genes or post-translational modifications of the enzymes.

Isozymes are often found in multiple tissues or organs within an organism and can perform similar functions in different locations. They may have different kinetic properties, substrate specificities, regulatory mechanisms, or tissue distributions. Isozymes can also be expressed at different stages of development or under different physiological conditions.

The existence of isozymes allows for greater flexibility and regulation of enzymatic activity within an organism. It can provide adaptations to specific tissue or cell types, respond to changes in metabolic demands, or respond to environmental stimuli. Additionally, isozymes play important roles in various biological processes, including metabolism, cellular signaling, and disease pathogenesis.