Rice leaffolders

Eight species of pyralid moths, whose
larvae roll or fold leaves of graminaceous
plants, comprise the leaffolder
complex. They are
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée),
Marasmia patnalis Bradley, Marasmia
(=Susumia) exigua (Butler), Marasmia
bilinealis Hampson, Marasmia ruralis
(Walker), Marasmia suspicalis
(Walker), Marasmia trapezalis
(Guenée), and Marasmia venilialis
(Guenée).
in the rice-growing tracts of 29 humid
tropical and temperate countries in
Asia, Oceania, Australia, and Africa
between 48° N and 24° S and 0° E to
172°W. Currently, only three species,
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia
patnalis, and Marasmia exigua, have
attained pest status on rice.
ally has been accepted as a sole
leaffolder pest in the lowland
ricefields of Asia. But the discovery of
Marasmia patnalis in 1981 has complicated
the interpretation of past
results. Marasmia patnalis has often
been confused with Cnaphalocuocis
medinalis in South and Southeast Asia
(Fig. 13a, b). The individuals belonging
to the two genera could be
differentiated from each other by
forewing venation. Cnaphalocrocis has
R2 and R1 (veins 10 and 11) stalked,