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Choice D is the best, because the sentence contains two independent clauses that are closely related in meaning.
The first clause presents a belief (researchers feared the species was extinct), and the second clause presents a contrasting development (its rediscovery challenged that belief).
A semicolon is the most precise punctuation to connect these two complete thoughts while preserving their logical relationship.

Choice A is incorrect, because a comma alone cannot join two independent clauses.
Using a comma here results in a comma splice, which is considered a clear grammatical error on the SAT, even if the sentence sounds natural when spoken.

Choice B is incorrect, because a colon introduces an explanation, definition, or list.
The second clause does not explain why researchers feared extinction; instead, it contradicts and overturns that fear.
Because the relationship is contrast rather than explanation, the colon is inappropriate.

Choice C is incorrect, because an em dash typically adds emphasis, interruption, or an aside.
Here, the second clause is not parenthetical or interruptive—it is a full, logically balanced idea that directly responds to the first clause.
The dash therefore weakens the formal relationship between the clauses compared to the precision of a semicolon. #sat #dailyshorts #satprep