Скачать или смотреть How to find the Oxidation Number for P in P2O4

To find the correct oxidation state of P in P2O4 and each element in the molecule, we use a few rules and some simple math.

First, since the P2O4 molecule doesn’t have an overall charge (like NO3- or H3O+) we could say that the total of the oxidation numbers for P2O4 will be zero since it is a neutral molecule.

We write the oxidation number (O.N.) for elements that we know and use these to figure out oxidation number for P.


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RESOURCES
How to Find Oxidation Numbers (rules and examples):    • How to Find Oxidation Numbers  (Rules and ...  
Oxidation Numbers Practice:    • Finding Oxidation Numbers Practice Problem...  

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GENERAL RULES
Free elements have an oxidation state of zero (e.g. Na, Fe, H2, O2, S8).
In an ion the all Oxidation numbers must add up to the charge on the ion.
In a neutral compound all Oxidation Numbers must add up to zero.
Group 1 = +1
Group 2 = +2
Hydrogen with Non-Metals = +1
Hydrogen with Metals (or Boron) = -1
Fluorine = -1
Oxygen = -2 (except in H2O2 or with Fluorine)
Group 17(7A) = -1 except with Oxygen and other halogens lower in the group
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We know that Oxygen usually is -2 with a few exceptions. When Oxygen is in a peroxide, like H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide), it has a charge of -1. When it is bonded to Fluorine (F) it has an oxidation number of +1.

Here it is bonded to P so the oxidation number on Oxygen is -2. Using this information we can figure out the oxidation number for the element P in P2O4.