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An acid is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with some metals to produce hydrogen gas and sometimes burns or dissolves other substances. Acids are used in car batteries and they’re also used to make paints, drugs and dyes. A base is a substance that tastes bitter and feels slippery. Bases are commonly found in cleaning products and antacid medications.

To determine the relative strength of acids and bases, chemists often use the pH scale. pH values range from 0-14 with anything with below 7 being acidic and anything above 7 being basic. You can see that some common substances are acidic while others are basic.

Acid-base indicators are substances that change color when an acid or base is added to them. Indicators change color as the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions changes a solution. And a super interesting natural acid-base indicator is red cabbage juice. It’s actually purple juice to start with but it changes color lots of times depending on the pH of the solution.

In this experiment, your challenge is to use purple cabbage juice to determine the pH of a bunch of different household liquids. Then you’ll know if they’re acids, bases, or neutral substances. You can try things like vinegar, water, lemon juice, ammonia, baking soda (dissolved), coffee, and even milk. Good luck with your experiment.

Next Generation Science Standards:
MS-PS1-2 Matter and its Interactions
Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.
HS-PS1-5. Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.
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