Скачать или смотреть Anemia || एनीमिया || introduction ||Classification In हिंदी Essy way to learn Anemia

Anemia || एनीमिया || introduction ||Classification In हिंदी Essy way to learn Anemia || Anemia and its Types, Symptoms and Causes | Iron Deficiency Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the body. There are several types of anemia, including iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and aplastic anemia, each with distinct causes and effects. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The causes of anemia can range from nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases to genetic disorders and bone marrow problems. Understanding anemia is crucial, as it can impact overall health and quality of life. By recognizing its types, symptoms, and causes, individuals can seek appropriate treatment and improve their well-being.

Anemia Classification
Sample
EDTA blood is needed.
For RBC morphology, a direct smear is preferred.`
Bone marrow is also advised.
Also, a bone biopsy may be needed.
Definition Of Anemia
Anemia is defined as a decrease in hemoglobin concentration depending upon the patient’s age and sex.
The diagnostic criteria are low hemoglobin, low hematocrit (Hct), or decreased RBC count.

Criteria for the anemia:

Effective erythropoiesis depends upon:
Level of iron and cobalt.
Vitamin B12.
Vitamin B6.
Riboflavin.
Thiamine.
Vitamin C.
Vitamin E.
Hormones like:
Androgens.
Thyroxine.
Hemoglobin facts:
To understand the anemias, it is better to know the hemoglobin types and structure:


Hemoglobin functions:
RBCs in arterial blood carry O2 from the lungs to the tissue and take back CO2 in the venous blood

Anemia classification:
Anemia may be classified roughly based on Hb level:
Severe anemia when the Hb is 7 g/dL.
Moderate when the Hb is This group will not produce evident S/S. in most of the cases.
Anemia classification based on RBC morphology:
Normochromic and normocytic anemias are due to:
Anemia of acute hemorrhage.
Hemolytic anemia.
Anemia due to chronic diseases.
Hypochromic and microcytic anemias are due to:
Iron deficiency anemia.
Thalassemia.
Normochromic and macrocytic anemias are due to:
Vit. B12 deficiency.
Folate deficiency.
Anemia classification based on physiological abnormality:
Defective maturation of erythropoiesis.
Hemolytic anemia where is the increased breakdown of the RBCs.
Defect due to an increase in RBC precursors compared to the degree of anemia.
Anemia classification based on etiology:
Increased RBCs destruction due to intra or extra red blood cell defects.
Increased blood loss, which may be acute or chronic.
Defective RBCs formation due to the Lake of factors necessary for erythropoiesis.


Anemia classification based on RBC indices:
Signs and symptoms of the anemias:
Clinically S/S seen are:

The main symptoms are due to cardiovascular system adaptation.
There are increased stroke volume, tachycardia, and the Hb O2 dissociation curve changes.
Hyperdynamic circulation leads to tachycardia, a bounding pulse, systolic murmurs, especially at the apex, and cardiomegaly.
Older adults may find S/S of congestive heart failure.
In Acute onset effect: There is an effect on the speed of onset; acute onset has more S/S compared to the slow onset.
The severity of the anemia: In the case of mild anemia, there is no S/S.

Types of Anemias
Anemia is divided based on RBCs indices (MCV) into the following categories:
The causes of normochromic and normocytic anemia are:
Iron deficiency in the early stages.
Acute blood loss.
Chronic diseases of the kidneys and the liver.
Infiltration by leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Drugs like chloramphenicol cause aplastic anemia.
Acquired hemolytic anemia may be from the prosthetic surgery of the heart.
Pregnancy due to increased plasma volume.
Overhydration.

Question ?
Definative of anemia
Introduction of anemia
Classification of anemia
Morphological classification of anemia
Normocytic Anemia
Microcytic Anemia
Macrocytic anemia
What is hemoglobin
Functions of hemoglobin
Types of hemoglobin
Normal range of RBC
Normal range of Hemoglobin
Anemia for nursing
Role of hemoglobin in O2 transport (Hb/O2 dissociation curve):
Anemia for DMLT and BMLT


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