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Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access. It uses algorithms and keys to transform readable data into unreadable text.

Key Concepts:
Plaintext: The original, readable information or data.
Ciphertext: The encrypted, unreadable text resulting from encryption.
Encryption Key: A piece of information that determines the output of the encryption algorithm.
Encryption Algorithm: The method or formula used to perform the encryption.
Example of Encryption in Bank Statements
Banks use encryption to secure sensitive information on statements, such as account numbers, transactions, and balances. When these details are stored or transmitted, they are encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.
For instance:
Account Number: Before encryption, it's a readable sequence of digits. After encryption, it appears as a random jumble of characters, e.g., 12345678 might become a8b6c0d9e1f3g4h2.
Transaction Details: Similarly, transaction details like amounts and dates are converted into encrypted text.

Decryption
Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form (plaintext). This requires the correct decryption key and algorithm.

Key Concepts:
Decryption Key: Information needed to revert the ciphertext back to plaintext.
Decryption Algorithm: The method or formula used to perform decryption.
How It Works in Practice
When a bank statement is encrypted:
Encryption: The bank uses an encryption algorithm and key to convert all sensitive information into ciphertext.
Storage/Transmission: The encrypted data is stored or transmitted securely.
Decryption: Authorized users, like the account holder, use the decryption key and algorithm to convert the ciphertext back into readable plaintext.
To visualize:
Original Data (Plaintext) Encrypted Data (Ciphertext) Decrypted Data (Plaintext)
Account Number: 12345678 Encrypted: a8b6c0d9e1f3g4h2 Decrypted: 12345678
Transaction: €200 on 12/03 Encrypted: m9n4o3p7q5r8s6t1 Decrypted: €200 on 12/03

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