Скачать или смотреть Mechanics of Ventilation | Chapter 30 - Medical Physiology (2nd Edition)

Chapter 30 of Medical Physiology (2nd Edition) by Walter F. Boron and Emile L. Boulpaep explores the mechanics of ventilation, focusing on the physical forces that drive air movement into and out of the lungs. The chapter begins with the pressure–volume relationships that govern breathing, including intrapleural, alveolar, and transpulmonary pressures. It explains how inspiration is an active process driven by contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, while expiration is usually passive, relying on elastic recoil. Lung compliance and elastance are described as key properties influencing ease of expansion, with surfactant reducing surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse. The chapter also examines airway resistance, its dependence on airway diameter, and the influence of autonomic tone and pathological narrowing in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of the chest wall, pleura, and lung–thorax interactions in maintaining functional residual capacity is highlighted. Clinical correlations include restrictive diseases that lower compliance, obstructive diseases that increase resistance, and mechanical ventilation strategies used in critical care. By linking biophysical principles with clinical conditions, this chapter demonstrates how the mechanics of ventilation are essential for effective respiration and gas exchange.

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