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The input() function in Python is a built-in function used to obtain user input from the standard input, typically the keyboard, during the execution of a program.
Key characteristics of the input() function:
Pauses program execution: When input() is called, the program pauses and waits for the user to type something and press the Enter key.
Optional prompt: It can accept an optional string argument, which serves as a prompt displayed to the user, guiding them on what kind of input is expected.
Returns a string: Regardless of what the user types (numbers, letters, symbols), the input() function always returns the entered value as a string.
Storing input: The returned string value is typically stored in a variable for later use in the program.
Type conversion for numerical data: If numerical input is required for calculations or other operations, the returned string must be explicitly converted to the appropriate numerical type (e.g., int() for integers, float() for floating-point numbers) using type casting functions.