SU Carburetor Working | Types of Carburetors | I.C.Engines | Petrol Engine | Parts | Basics |TE |HPE

SU Carburetor Working | Types of Carburetors | I.C.Engines | Petrol Engine | Parts | Basics |TE |HPE
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The SU carburetor, short for "Skinners Union," is a type of carburetor that was commonly used in many British vehicles. It operates on a different principle compared to traditional carburetors like the Solex or Zenith. Here's a simplified explanation of how an SU carburetor works:

Constant Depression: The key principle of the SU carburetor is "constant depression." It relies on a piston and vacuum to maintain a constant pressure difference (depression) between the air intake and the fuel supply.

Piston and Dashpot: The SU carburetor has a piston that moves up and down within a chamber called the dashpot. The piston is connected to the throttle linkage and moves in response to changes in engine load and speed.

Fuel Supply: The fuel supply in an SU carburetor is located in a chamber called the float chamber. It contains a float mechanism similar to other carburetors. As the fuel level in the float chamber drops, the float opens a valve to allow more fuel to enter the chamber.

Jet and Needle: The jet and needle assembly is a critical component of the SU carburetor. It consists of a fixed jet and a tapered needle attached to the piston. The needle controls the flow of fuel from the float chamber into the mixing chamber.

Vacuum Signal: As the piston moves upward, it creates a vacuum or low-pressure area in the mixing chamber above it. This vacuum signal draws air in through the air intake and fuel through the jet into the mixing chamber.

Fuel Mixture Adjustment: The SU carburetor has a mixture adjustment screw that controls the position of the needle within the jet. By adjusting the screw, the effective size of the jet opening can be changed, altering the fuel mixture.

Atomization and Mixing: As air is drawn into the mixing chamber through the air intake, it mixes with the fuel being drawn in through the jet. This mixing process atomizes the fuel into small droplets for better combustion.

Throttle Valve: The SU carburetor has a throttle valve, similar to other carburetors. It regulates the amount of air entering the carburetor and, consequently, the engine. When the throttle valve is opened, more air is allowed in, creating a stronger vacuum signal and drawing more fuel into the mixing chamber.

Combustion: The air-fuel mixture flows from the carburetor into the engine's intake manifold and then into the combustion chamber. The mixture is ignited by a spark plug, resulting in the combustion process that generates power.

The SU carburetor's design allows for smooth and responsive operation, as the constant depression principle helps maintain a consistent air-fuel mixture under varying engine loads and speeds. However, it's important to note that carburetors, including the SU carburetor, have been largely replaced by fuel injection systems in modern engines due to their superior fuel control and efficiency.
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