Скачать или смотреть Practical Demo: Abstraction in Java for QA Automation Testers-With Real-World Code + Explanation

📘 What We'll Build:
We’ll simulate a basic login automation scenario using:

An abstract class for a generic LoginPage

A concrete class for Chrome browser implementation

A main test class to run the test steps

🧠 Goal: Show how abstraction keeps the test logic simple and reusable while hiding technical details.

🔹 Step 1: Create an Abstract Class – LoginPage

// This is an abstract class - like a blueprint
abstract class LoginPage {

// Abstract methods: must be implemented by child classes
abstract void enterUsername(String username);
abstract void enterPassword(String password);
abstract void clickLogin();

// Concrete method: already implemented here
void openLoginPage() {
System.out.println("Opening login page in browser...");
}
}
💬 Explanation:
We define what actions a login page should support (enter username, enter password, click login).

The actual code is not written yet – it will be written in browser-specific classes.

openLoginPage() is a method with actual code that all child classes can use directly.

📦 Analogy: This is like a standard login checklist. It tells testers what to do, not how to do it.

🔹 Step 2: Create a Concrete Class – ChromeLoginPage

// This is a concrete class - it fills in the actual steps
class ChromeLoginPage extends LoginPage {

@Override
void enterUsername(String username) {
System.out.println("Chrome: Entering username - " + username);
}

@Override
void enterPassword(String password) {
System.out.println("Chrome: Entering password - " + password);
}

@Override
void clickLogin() {
System.out.println("Chrome: Clicking login button");
}
}
💬 Explanation:
This class extends the abstract LoginPage class.

It provides real, detailed actions for Chrome browser.

In real Selenium automation, you'd put WebDriver code here.

🔧 Analogy: This is like assigning someone to do the checklist tasks — here’s how they’ll actually complete each step.

🔹 Step 3: Use Abstraction in the Test Script – TestLogin

// This is your test script - uses abstraction to run login flow
public class TestLogin {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Abstraction in action: use the abstract class as reference
LoginPage login = new ChromeLoginPage();

// These are your test steps - clear and reusable
login.openLoginPage();
login.enterUsername("qaTester");
login.enterPassword("securePass123");
login.clickLogin();
}
}
💬 Explanation:
We create a ChromeLoginPage object, but reference it using the abstract class LoginPage.

This lets us easily switch browsers later by changing only one line.

Your test steps are now clean, readable, and business-focused.

💡 Analogy: You control the TV with a remote. Whether it’s LG or Samsung, the remote commands stay the same — only the TV brand (class) changes.

✅ What You Learned:
Use abstract classes to define what needs to be done (test actions).

Use concrete classes to define how it's done for each browser or platform.

Use abstraction in test scripts to keep them clean and simple.

💼 Real-World Use in QA Automation
In frameworks like Page Object Model (POM):

You can create abstract classes for all common page actions.

Each page or browser version gets its own implementation.

Your test scripts stay the same no matter how the backend changes.

🧠 Conclusion: Smart Testing with Abstraction
Abstraction helps QA automation testers:

✨ Focus on what needs to be tested

🔧 Hide the technical details inside reusable methods

🚀 Build test scripts that are easy to maintain and scale

Start applying abstraction in your page classes and see your code quality grow!

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