Principle of Drug Action | How Medicine Work | Mechanism of Drug Action | General Pharmacology

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Drug or medicine is an agent which is used for the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of any disease or disorder. Every medicine has its own principle of action which decide its mechanism of action. generally, there are few important principles of drug action-

1- Irritation- There are few drugs which irritate the site of action and produce their effect. Example- Senna and some other drug used in constipation irritate the intestine and increase defecation. Another balm in case of a headache will irritate the forehead tissue and gives relief from pain for a short duration. Example- Counter-Irritant like- drugs for constipation
2- Stimulation- Stimulation means to increase the function of any specialized organ, which will result in extra work, like in case of fear or fight adrenaline is get secreted and heart rate increase which gives FFF response. Example- Adrenaline. Stimulates heart, pilocarpine stimulates salivary glands

3- Depression- The simple meaning of depression is the reduction of specialized activity. For example- Barbiturate and benzodiazepine depress the CNS and give depression action. As same Omeprazole reduce gastric acid secretion. Example- Barbiturate depresses CNS, Quinidine depresses heart, and Omeprazole depresses gastric acid secretion.

4- Replacement- When any hormone or biochemical substance is in inadequate quantity and their recovery is not possible then there is one option of replacement. Example- Levodopa in Parkinson’s, Insulin in diabetes and Iron in Anemia.

5- Cytotoxic- When there is an entry of any parasite, or there is no other option to control the growth of own body cell then Cytotoxic drugs are used. They kill the microorganism to kill the uncontrolled and excessive growing cells.
Example- Penicillin, Chloroquine, Zidovudine, cyclophosphamide.

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