Скачать или смотреть Apes of Miocene Europe

During the Middle Miocene, Hominoid apes spread out of their ancestral homeland in Africa and into Eurasia. The global climate at this time was warmer than today, with Europe covered by humid subtropical forests that were home to Proboscideans, Rhinos and early relatives of Pandas. Apes also thrived here, first appearing in the fossil record approximately 13 million years ago and producing a variety of different forms. Some basal forms such as Griphopithecus were rather monkey-like animals and would have resembled large, tailless macaques. The tiny Spanish Pliobates would have resembled a gibbon, with elongated forelimbs and weighing just 11 pounds. Others were more derived, being members of the the modern great ape family Hominidae. Dryopithecus and Rudapithecus were superficially chimpanzee-like and may have been close to the ancestry of gorillas, the genus Pan and humans. In a similar position were the semi-bipedal Danuvius and the Spanish Hispanopithecus, both of which would have fed on fruit, berries, honey and young leaves. The youngest known genus was the unusual Italian Oreopithecus, an island dwelling herbivore that lived between 9-6.5 million years ago. Capable of standing on it's hind legs, this ape spent most of its time in trees but could also come down to ground in order to forage. On the mainland, a drying and cooling climate brought an end to Europe's humid forests and the endemic apes became extinct. When the island chain on which Oreopithecus lived re-joined the mainland, it too succumbed to extinction.

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