Скачать или смотреть Microbiology 14 | Nutritional Requirements of Bacteria | Bacteria Nutrition | Bacteria Growth Curve

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For growth and nutrition of bacteria, the minimum nutritional requirements are water, a source of carbon, a source of nitrogen and some inorganic salts. Water covers 80 to 90% of the total bacterial mass. Two important gaseous constituents in microorganism are oxygen and hydrogen. Other than these, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus are other major elements in the bacterial cell. Potassium, magnesium and calcium are also important elements required for the growth of bacteria. There are several metal ions which are needed in the trace amount which usually acts as a cofactor in many essential enzymatic reactions. These trace elements are not needed to be added with culture media, as they can already be found as a result of contamination of water and other nutrient sources.
These trace elements include metal ions of manganese, cobalt, zinc copper and molybdenum.

Elements -
(1) Carbon - (50%) = The backbone of functional biological molecules: cells vary in their ability to synthesize all of their carbon compounds. Range of carbon compounds utilized: CO, CH4, to complex organic compounds

(2) Oxygen (20%)= Equal amounts in aerobes and anaerobes, but free oxygen toxic to anaerobes, so they obtain it in a combined form from the substrate.

(3) Nitrogen (14%) = In amino acids, nucleic acids. membranes, cell walls, and most macromolecules. Most free-living microbes assimilate ammonia from their environment or reduce nitrate. An array of microbial types can "fix" atmospheric nitrogen.

(4) Hydrogen (08%) = structural molecule, a participant in process of energy generation. Protons (H+) involved in ATP production, CO2 reduction, anaerobic and aerobic respiration

(5) Phosphorus (03%) = a constituent of high energy compounds (ATP), phospholipids in membranes, nucleic acids.

(6) Sulphur (01%) = Sulphur in certain amino acids, some B-vitamins (biotin and thiamine). Reduced inorganic sulphur (e.g. H2S) used as an energy source for thiobacilli. Sulphur serves as a terminal electron acceptor in some Archaea.

Types of bacteria as per the source of energy-

(1) Photoautotrophs (Photo+ Autos + Trophe) = Energy = Light, carbon source = CO2
(2) Photoheterotrophs (Photo+ Hetero + Trophe) = Energy = Light, carbon source = Organic Compounds
(3) Chemoautotrophs or Lithotrophs (Chemo+ Autos + Trophe) = Energy = Chemical, carbon source = CO2
(4) Chemoheterotrophs or Heterotrophs = Energy = Chemical, carbon source = Organic Compounds

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