Скачать или смотреть CRISPR-Cas9: How Gene Editing Works (Step-by-Step) | CSIR NET Life Sciences | தமிழ்

This full class is explained in Tamil (தமிழில்) for CSIR NET Life Sciences students.
In this video, you’ll learn CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing step-by-step—how it works as a bacterial adaptive immune system and how scientists engineered it for precision gene editing in eukaryotic cells. Perfect for CSIR NET Life Sciences and GATE Biotechnology preparation.

What you will learn

✅ Genome editing: targeted changes in DNA
✅ CRISPR basics: CRISPR = Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
✅ Natural bacterial mechanism (3 phases)

Adaptation: viral DNA fragments stored as spacers

Expression: formation of crRNA + tracrRNA → guide RNA (gRNA)

Interference: Cas9 + gRNA finds matching DNA and makes a cut
✅ Engineering for eukaryotes: simplified system = Cas9 protein + custom gRNA (~20 nt target sequence)
✅ How the cut happens: Cas9-gRNA scans genome → binds target by base pairing → double-strand break (DSB)
✅ DNA repair outcomes (most important!)
🔸 NHEJ (error-prone) → indels/frameshift → gene knockout
🔸 HDR (template-based) → precise change using donor DNA → gene correction/knock-in
✅ Application example: single-base correction (cataract mutation in Crygc gene model)

Why this topic matters (CSIR NET)

CRISPR is frequently tested through concepts like DSB repair, gene knockout vs knock-in, and application in disease models.

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