9.4 Sigma Bonds and Pi Bonds | General Chemistry

Chad provides a brief lesson comparing and contrasting sigma bonds and pi bonds. The lesson begins with how to identify sigma and pi bonds in Lewis structures and thereby how to calculate the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule. All single bonds are sigma bonds, a double bond has 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond, and a triple bond has 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds. Chad then shows how bonds are formed due to the overlap of atomic orbitals, and then expounds on sigma overlap and pi overlap. Sigma bonds result from sigma overlap, the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals (s, p, or hybrid orbitals), whereas pi bonds result from pi overlap, the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals. The lesson concludes with a description of the sigma and pi bonds in ethylene as well as a description of which atomic orbitals are involved in the overlap.

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00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:40 How to Calculate the Number of Sigma & Pi Bonds in a Molecule
01:41 Sigma Overlap
03:21 Pi Overlap
04:37 Identifying Overlapping Atomic Orbitals in Sigma Bonds
07:10 Sigma and Pi Bonds in Ethylene

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