14 ਕਰੋੜ ਸਾਲ ਧਰਤੀ ਤੇ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਡਾਇਨਾਸੁਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋਇਆ | How dinosaurs ended

14 ਕਰੋੜ ਸਾਲ ਧਰਤੀ ਤੇ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਡਾਇਨਾਸੁਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋਇਆ

Dinosaurs went extinct about *66 million years ago* at the end of the **Cretaceous period**, marking the close of the Mesozoic Era. This mass extinction event, known as the **Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction**, wiped out approximately **75% of Earth's species**, including most dinosaur species.

The leading theory for this extinction event is the *impact hypothesis**, which suggests that a **large asteroid* or comet struck Earth near what is now the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, creating the **Chicxulub crater**. The impact would have released enormous amounts of energy, leading to wildfires, tsunamis, and an "impact winter." This would have drastically reduced sunlight, lowering global temperatures and disrupting the climate. The lack of sunlight would have severely impacted plant life, leading to a collapse in ecosystems and food chains that dinosaurs depended on.

In addition to the asteroid impact, there is evidence of *volcanic activity* in the region of the Deccan Traps (modern-day India), which may have contributed to the extinction. The volcanic eruptions would have released large amounts of gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, causing acid rain and contributing to climate changes, including cooling and acidification of oceans.

These environmental changes likely caused massive disruptions to the dinosaurs' food sources and habitats, leading to their eventual extinction. However, **birds**, the descendants of small theropod dinosaurs, survived and are considered the only living group of dinosaurs today.




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