Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA), or Electronic Stability Control (ESC), helps maintain vehicle control by adjusting engine power and applying brakes to individual wheels when sensors detect skidding or instability, working in conjunction with ABS, traction control, and inputs from wheel speed, yaw rate, steering angle, and lateral acceleration sensors. The VSA light can illuminate due to wheel speed or steering/yaw sensor faults, ABS or brake system problems, low brake fluid, wiring or electrical issues, ECU glitches, environmental triggers like ice or gravel, or manual deactivation. A flickering light during a skid is normal, a brief steady light may be temporary, but a persistent light indicates a fault requiring diagnosis. Safe driving may be possible if braking remains normal, but combined warnings or abnormal braking require immediate attention. Diagnosis starts with checking settings, tire pressures, and brake fluid, then inspecting sensors, scanning for codes, recalibrating if needed, and updating software. Prevention includes maintaining tires and brake fluid, keeping sensors clean, avoiding aggressive driving on unstable surfaces, and recalibrating after major service. Different manufacturers use terms like VSA (Honda), VSC (Toyota), VDC (Nissan), AdvanceTrac (Ford), or StabiliTrak (GM).
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