Quick & Easy Sleeping Pill Mechanism for Exams!

Why do sleeping pills work?
This video focuses on the key mechanisms you need to know for exam success, summarizing only the essential points.
Good luck with your studies! 🚀📚

#pharmacologymadeeasy #melatonin #orexin

【Study Break Oasis】
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【Notes】
▹This video was created based on data as of June 2024, with the purpose of supporting medical students in their exam preparations.
▹It is not a substitute for medical advice.
▹Please note that thanks to the tireless efforts of researchers worldwide, this data is updated daily. ▹Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited.

【Contents】
0:00 How do sleeping pills work?
1:56 What is GABA? What is GABA-receptor?: Mechanism
3:48 Benzodiazepin Receptors: omega-1 and omega-2 receptor? omega-1 Selectivity?
5:21 How does Melatonin work?: Mechanism
6:27 What is Orexin? How does orexin work?

【Reference and figure】 I express my gratitude and respect for your wonderful achievements.

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2. Hansen, J.Y., Shafiei, G., Markello, R.D. et al. Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex. Nat Neurosci 25, 1569–1581 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01...

3. Xu, My., Wong, A. GABAergic inhibitory neurons as therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 39, 733–753 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2017.172

4. Campo-Soria C, Chang Y, Weiss DS. Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines on GABAA receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;148(7):984-90. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706796. Epub 2006 Jun 19. PMID: 16783415; PMCID: PMC1751932.

5. Chen, X., van Gerven, J., Cohen, A. et al. Human pharmacology of positive GABA-A subtype-selective receptor modulators for the treatment of anxiety. Acta Pharmacol Sin 40, 571–582 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-018-01...

6. Dun-Xian Tan, Lucien C. Manchester, Russel J. Reiter,
CSF generation by pineal gland results in a robust melatonin circadian rhythm in the third ventricle as an unique light/dark signal, Medical Hypotheses, Volume 86, 2016, Pages 3-9, ISSN 0306-9877,
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(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...)

7. Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2010 Sep;62(3):343-80. doi: 10.1124/pr.110.002832. Epub 2010 Jul 6. PMID: 20605968; PMCID: PMC2964901.

8. Inutsuka A, Yamanaka A. The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness and neuroendocrine functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013 Mar 6;4:18. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00018. PMID: 23508038; PMCID: PMC3589707.

9. Ebrahim IO, Howard RS, Kopelman MD, Sharief MK, Williams AJ. The hypocretin/orexin system. J R Soc Med. 2002 May;95(5):227-30. doi: 10.1177/014107680209500503. PMID: 11983761; PMCID: PMC1279673.

10. Shannon J. Clough, Anthony J. Hutchinson, Margarita L. Dubocovich,
Chapter 16 - Melatonin Receptors as Modulators of Methamphetamine-Mediated Behaviors,
Editor(s): Victor R. Preedy, Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, Academic Press, 2016, Pages 169-180, ISBN 9780128002124,
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(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...)

11. Wiechmann, A.F., Martin, T.A. & Horb, M.E. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation of the mtnr1a melatonin receptor gene causes rod photoreceptor degeneration in developing Xenopus tropicalis. Sci Rep 10, 13757 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70...

12. PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9815675, Orexin; [cited 2024 July 24]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/comp...