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Neuroplasticity or Brain plasticity are terms that are widely used among psychologists and counselors today. Simply put, this means that the brain has the ability to regenerate the neurons that are destroyed over time, and the brain has the ability to restore its previous functions.
Over time, the communication process of our brain weakens and some places and areas die. This is called synaptic pruning. Brain plasticity typically occurs during learning, memory, experience, and remodeling during brain damage. So far, it has been assumed that children's brains exist rather than mature brains. But with the development of technological devices, the changes that occur in the mature brain have increased and this concept has become stable.
This concept has a considerable history. Micheli Malacarni, a former Italian psychologist in the 18th century, while teaching animals, discovered that the brains of animals undergoing training were larger than those of normal animals. Williams James, a 19th century psychologist, presented this concept to the world for the first time in his book Principles of Psychology published in 1890. 20th century psychologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal emphasized the mature brain's ability to remodel itself.
How does the brain carry out this process? Let's call the first method axonal sprouting. As you know, once an axonal fire that carries nerve impulses is damaged, the process becomes impossible. Then, apart from the good axonal and the damaged axon, another axonal is chosen and the usual work is continued. Otherwise, when the length of the previous axon is not enough, that axon is lengthened and connected with a new axon.
This process is known as homologous area adaptation as the brain does it. Our brain communicates according to hemispheres. Any damage that occurs in one hemisphere is handled by the opposite hemisphere.
The third technique is called cross-modal reassignment. This effect occurs in the context of processing sensory information.
The fourth method is called map expansion. There, seeing that one area of the brain is growing larger, the damaged area of the brain is also recruited to that area. The last model we identify as compensatory muscled. The brain insidiously completes its damage through a different mental operation.