Скачать или смотреть পাহাড়ের ভিতর দিয়ে টানেল তৈরি || How tunnels are made at the bottom of the mountains

Tunnels at the bottom of mountains are built using a combination of excavation, support, and safety techniques. The process begins with site surveys and geological assessments to understand rock conditions. Depending on the terrain, different methods are used.

Drill and Blast Method: For hard rock, holes are drilled into the rock face, filled with explosives, and detonated. The broken rock (muck) is then removed using excavators or conveyor belts.

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs): In softer or mixed ground, massive cylindrical machines with rotating cutter heads excavate rock and soil. As the TBM moves forward, it installs pre-cast concrete segments to form the tunnel lining.

New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM): This approach allows the surrounding rock to support itself using shotcrete (sprayed concrete) and rock bolts for reinforcement.

After excavation, support systems like steel ribs or concrete linings are added to ensure tunnel stability. Drainage systems are also installed to manage groundwater. Advanced ventilation, lighting, and safety features are integrated as the final step. This multi-stage process ensures the tunnel remains safe and functional for transport, utilities, or mining purposes.

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