మహాకవి గురజాడ అప్పారావు - Maha Kavi Gurajada Apparao - దేశమంటే మట్టికాదు ఓయి-Desamante Matti Kaadoyi
దేశమంటే మట్టికాదు ఓయి
దేశమంటే మనుషులోయి!
దేశమున్నది జనం వల్లే
జనం లేకపోతే దేశమే లేదు!
దేశమంటే తల్లి పాలు
దేశభక్తి గొప్ప తండ్రి బాటు!
దేశసేవ చేసే వారు
ధీరులు – వీరులు – మానవులు!
దేశమంటే మట్టికాదు ఓయి
దేశమంటే మనుషులోయి!
Desamante matti kaadoyi
Desamante manushuloyi!
Desamunnadi janam valle
Janam lekapote desame ledu!
Desamante talli paalu
Desabhakti goppa tandri baatu!
Desa seva chese vaaru
Dheerulu – veerulu – maanavulu!
Desamante matti kaadoyi
Desamante manushuloyi!
Meaning:
Nation is not just the soil — The nation is the people!
A country exists because of its people — Without people, there’s no nation!
The nation is like a mother’s milk,
Patriotism is the noble path shown by the father!
Those who serve the country are Brave, heroic, and truly human!
So remember, the nation is not just the land —
The nation is its people!
The essence of this lyric is a powerful and foundational idea: a nation is defined not by its land or physical boundaries, but by its people. It passionately argues that the true spirit and existence of a country reside within its citizens. Just as a mother’s milk nourishes a newborn and helps it grow strong and healthy, the nation nourishes its citizens — giving them: Language, Culture, Identity, Shelter and Opportunities to live and thrive. So, loving and respecting the nation is as natural and essential as honoring the mother who raised you.
Here's a breakdown of the core messages:
People Over Land: The most prominent and repeated line, "Desamante matti kaadoyi, Desamante manushuloyi!" (A nation isn't just soil, oh friend, a nation is its people!), directly challenges the conventional view of a nation as merely a geographical entity. It asserts that the human element is paramount.
Interdependence of Nation and People: The lyric emphasizes that the very existence of a nation hinges on its people ("Desamunnadi janam valle / Janam lekapote desame ledu!" - The nation exists because of its people / If there are no people, there is no nation!). This highlights a symbiotic relationship where one cannot thrive without the other.
Nourishment and Guidance: Comparing the nation to "mother's milk" (nourishment) and patriotism to a "great father's path" (guidance) suggests that a nation provides sustenance and direction, while patriotism guides individuals.
Valor in Service: Those who serve the nation are celebrated as "brave, heroic, and humane" (Dheerulu – veerulu – maanavulu!). This acknowledges and honors the sacrifices and contributions of individuals who work for the well-being of their country.
In essence, the lyric is a profound call to recognize and cherish the human capital of a nation. It's a reminder that true national strength, identity, and future depend on the well-being, spirit, and collective action of its people. It's a humanist perspective on patriotism, shifting the focus from territory to the individuals who inhabit it.
About the Poet:
Gurajada Apparao (1862-1915) was a prominent Telugu poet, playwright, and social reformer. He is widely considered a pioneer of modern Telugu literature, known for his revolutionary approach to writing in colloquial Telugu rather than classical, Sanskrit-heavy forms.
Key Contributions and Works:
"Kanyasulkam" (1892): This is his most celebrated work, a landmark Telugu play that satirized social evils prevalent in 19th-century Andhra society, particularly child marriage and the "bride price" (kanyasulkam) system. It's considered a masterpiece and a significant work in Indian theatre.
"Desamunu Preminchumanna": A widely known Telugu patriotic song that emphasizes the importance of people as the true essence of a nation, with the famous line "Desamante matti kaadoyi, desamante manushuloyi" (A country is not just its soil, a country is its people).
"Mutyala Saramulu": A new poetic stanza form he introduced, further contributing to his innovative approach to Telugu poetry.
Social Reformer: Apparao was a fervent advocate for social change, actively criticizing issues like child marriage and dowry, and promoting widow remarriage and women's education. He believed literature should be a tool for societal improvement.
He was a lecturer at M.R. College in Vizianagaram and left an indelible mark on Telugu literature and social thought.
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