Скачать или смотреть Effects of microgravity on the human body

Prolonged exposure to microgravity, such as that experienced by astronauts living and working on the International Space Station (ISS), has profound effects on the human body. One of the most noticeable impacts is the weakening of muscles and bones. In the absence of gravity, muscles are not required to support the body's weight, leading to muscle atrophy and reduced strength. This can result in a significant loss of muscle mass, especially in the legs and back. Similarly, bones become less dense in microgravity, making them more susceptible to fractures and weakening. Astronauts often engage in a rigorous exercise routine to counteract these effects, but even with exercise, the loss of bone density and muscle mass remains a significant concern during prolonged missions.

Additionally, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes in microgravity. Without the force of gravity to help circulate blood and fluids upward, astronauts may experience fluid shifts to the upper body, which can lead to facial puffiness and increased intracranial pressure, potentially affecting vision. Moreover, the lack of gravitational stress on the heart can result in cardiovascular deconditioning, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. These effects can make it challenging for astronauts to adapt to Earth's gravity upon their return and may have long-term implications for their cardiovascular health. Overall, prolonged microgravity exposure poses numerous challenges to the human body, and researchers continue to study these effects to develop strategies for mitigating them during space missions.




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