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Case Presentation
Patient Profile:
Age: 25 years
Gender: Male
Occupation: Recreational athlete

History of Present Illness
Recurrent shoulder dislocations (5 episodes in 6 months)
Pain and discomfort in the shoulder, especially after dislocation
Limited mobility and difficulty lifting the arm overhead or performing activities that require shoulder rotation

Physical Examination
Shoulder Inspection: Normal shoulder appearance, but noticeable apprehension when moving the arm
Range of Motion: Limited active and passive range of motion, especially in abduction and external rotation
Strength Testing: Weakness in shoulder muscles, particularly the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Instability Tests:
Apprehension Test: Positive
Sulcus Sign: Positive
Anterior Drawer Test: Positive

Imaging Studies:
X-rays: Normal shoulder X-rays, but with a slight humeral head subluxation
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Shows a Bankart lesion (anterior labral tear) and a Hill-Sachs lesion (humerus head defect)

Diagnosis:
Anterior shoulder instability with a Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion




Clinical Pearls
Early Recognition: Early recognition of shoulder instability is crucial for effective management
Comprehensive Evaluation: A thorough physical examination and imaging studies are necessary for accurate diagnosis
Multimodal Treatment: A combination of conservative and surgical management may be necessary for optimal outcomes