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Ghazwa-e-Khandaq (The Battle of the Trench) –

Background and Reasons for the Battle

The Battle of the Trench (Ghazwa-e-Khandaq) took place in 5 AH (627 CE) during the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It was a crucial battle fought between the Muslims of Madinah and the Quraysh of Makkah, along with their allies.

After the Muslims’ victory at Badr (624 CE) and the setback at Uhud (625 CE), the Quraysh and their allies sought to eliminate Islam once and for all. The Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir, who had been expelled from Madinah due to their betrayal, played a key role in forming a massive alliance against the Muslims. This alliance is also called Ahzab (The Confederates), as mentioned in Surah Al-Ahzab (33:9-27).

The Plan of the Quraysh and Their Allies

A massive army of 10,000 soldiers was formed, including:
• Quraysh of Makkah led by Abu Sufyan
• Banu Nadir (Jewish tribe) and their allies
• Ghatfan and other Arab tribes

Their goal was to invade Madinah and wipe out Islam. The Muslims, numbering only 3,000, had limited resources and could not fight in an open battle.

The Trench Strategy – A Genius Defensive Move

Upon hearing about the approaching army, the Prophet ﷺ held a council with his companions. Salman Al-Farsi (RA), a Persian companion, suggested digging a trench (Khandaq) around the vulnerable parts of Madinah. This was a strategy commonly used in Persian warfare but was new to the Arabs.

The Prophet ﷺ approved the idea, and the Muslims worked day and night in harsh winter conditions to dig a deep and wide trench under his supervision.

The Siege of Madinah

When the Quraysh arrived, they were shocked to see the trench, as they had never faced such a strategy before. Unable to cross it, they laid siege to Madinah for nearly one month.
• The Muslims guarded the trench day and night.
• The Quraysh tried to find weak spots but failed.
• A few Quraysh warriors, including Amr ibn Abd Wudd, tried to cross but were defeated, with Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) killing Amr in a one-on-one duel.

The Betrayal of Banu Qurayzah

Inside Madinah, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayzah, who had signed a peace treaty with the Muslims, betrayed them by secretly negotiating with the Quraysh. This created fear among the Muslims, as they were now surrounded both externally and internally.

Divine Help and Victory for the Muslims

The siege continued for a month, and the Muslims faced extreme hardships. Then, Allah sent divine help:
1. A powerful storm struck the Quraysh camp at night, destroying their tents and supplies.
2. Disunity among the Quraysh and their allies led to internal disputes.
3. Nu’aym ibn Mas’ud (RA), a new Muslim convert, cleverly spread misinformation that caused mistrust between the Quraysh and Banu Qurayzah.

Finally, the Quraysh and their allies, exhausted and frustrated, retreated, marking a decisive victory for the Muslims without a full-scale battle.

Aftermath and Impact
• Banu Qurayzah were punished for their treason, following Jewish law.
• The Quraysh never launched another major attack on Madinah.
• The Muslims grew stronger, leading to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and later the conquest of Makkah in 630 CE.

Quranic Reference

Allah mentions this battle in Surah Al-Ahzab (33:9-27), highlighting how He helped the Muslims when they were in fear and hardship.