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Oxidizing Agents: Increase oxidation state, convert alcohols.

Strong: Jones Reagent (CrO3/H2SO4),ChromicAcid(H2CrO4) – convert primary alcohols to carboxylic acids.

Mild: PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) – converts primary alcohols to aldehydes.

Reducing Agents: Decrease oxidation state, add H, remove O.(LiAlH4),NaBH4) (reduce carbonyls).

Nucleophiles: Electron pair donors (e.g., alkoxides, amines, thiols).

Electrophiles: Electron pair acceptors (e.g., Lewis acids like AlCl3, BF3).

Grignard Reagents (RMgX): Form new C-C bonds, crucial for complex synthesis

Halogenating Agents: Convert alcohols to alkyl halides (PCl3, PBr3), SOCl2) or introduce halogens onto rings (Cl2/FeCl3).

Acids & Bases: Strong acids (H2SO4,HCl) for protonation/dehydration; strong bases (KOH, NaOH) for deprotonation.

Catalysts: Increase reaction rates without being consumed (e.g., transition metal catalysts). 

Common Reactions & Reagents Alcohol to Alkyl Halide: HCl/ZnCl2}\), PBr3), SOC2).

Alcohol Oxidation: Jones Reagent (strong), PCC (mild).Alkene Test: Baeyer's reagent (KMnO4) in alkaline solution) for unsaturation.

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