CAPACITOR: (Definition, Derivation, Arrangements, Example)COMPONENT OF AN AC CIRCUIT (2)

What is a Capacitor?

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in the form of electric fields. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric.

Key Components:

1. Plates: The two conductive plates that store electric charge.
2. Dielectric: The insulating material between the plates.
3. Terminals: The points where the capacitor is connected to a circuit.

How Capacitors Work:

1. When a voltage is applied across the capacitor, electric charge builds up on the plates.
2. The dielectric material prevents the plates from touching, allowing the capacitor to store energy.
3. The stored energy is proportional to the capacitance (C), voltage (V), and charge (Q): C = Q/V

Types of Capacitors:

1. Parallel Plate Capacitor: Two parallel plates separated by a dielectric.
2. Cylindrical Capacitor: Two concentric cylinders separated by a dielectric.
3. Spherical Capacitor: Two concentric spheres separated by a dielectric.

Capacitor Properties:

1. Capacitance (C): Measures the capacitor's ability to store charge.
2. Voltage (V): The potential difference across the capacitor.
3. Charge (Q): The amount of electric charge stored.
4. Energy (E): The energy stored in the capacitor: E = (1/2)CV^2

Applications:

1. Filtering: Capacitors filter out unwanted frequencies in circuits.
2. Coupling: Capacitors transfer energy between circuits.
3. Energy Storage: Capacitors store energy in power supplies and electronic devices.

Formulas:

1. C = Q/V
2. E = (1/2)CV^2
3. V = Q/C

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