Toyota Hybrid - Synergy Drive | OtoVilLa

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Simply put, a ‘hybrid’ is a vehicle with two or more power sources. Most hybrid road cars use a normal internal combustion engine paired with an electric motor, but the way these work together means that there are three different kinds of hybrid setup.

Beginning with the original Prius, Toyota pioneered the ‘full’ hybrid system that uses two separate powerplants – a battery-powered electric motor and petrol-driven combustion engine – which can work together to drive the vehicle or can each be used in isolation. It is the most popular hybrid system in the world, and has sold more than 10 million units since the Prius was launched in Japan in August 1997.

The second kind of hybrid is known as ‘parallel’. It uses a normal combustion engine as the main source of power, with an electric motor fitted between the engine and gearbox to provide assistance. This arrangement tends to be more restricted in its function that a ‘full’ hybrid, and fitting an electric motor into a very small space also limits its power and EV (electric vehicle) range.

Lastly, the third hybrid variation is the ‘series’ type. In this type of vehicle the electric motor provides all the drive; the normal combustion engine isn’t connected to the transmission, and instead works as a generator to power the electric motor. The main hurdle for a ‘series’ hybrid is maintaining its efficiency once the battery power has been used up, and for this reason, ‘series’ hybrids are rare.
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