Marcion Of Sinope

For many years, it was thought that early Christianity was dominated by an orthodoxy and other groups, such as the Gnostics and those later deemed heresies, were minor and really just served the role of pests. But in 1934, Walter Bauer published "Orthodoxy and Heresy in earliest Christianity" and it flipped the consensus on its head. He demonstrated that it was, in fact, the other way around. Early Christianity was mostly these Gnostic and heretical groups and the proto-orthodoxy was a relatively small slice of this Christianity pie. Groups such as the Ebionites, the Valentinians, the Basilidians, the Sethians, docetic sects, and many more dominated early Christianity. They held beliefs that the church would later scoff at and deem as heresy. "Gnosticism" is an umbrella term that refers to many early Christian groups that believed themselves to be the ones "in the know." They were convinced that the scriptures they used contained secret knowledge and they were the only ones who could access it. This idea manifested in many forms but one of the biggest and, in my view, the most influential form was Marcionism. Marcionism isn't really Gnosticism, but there are some shared ideas. Today's video will be on Marcion of Sinope, Marcionism, and the Marcionites.

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Sources:

Bart Ehrman - Lost Christianities

Diarmaid MacCulloch - Christianity: The First 3000 Years

Lee Martin McDonald - The Biblical Canon

Edmon L. Gallagherm - The Biblical Canon Lists from Early Christianity

Walter Bauer - Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity

Peter Head - The Foreign God and the Sudden Christ

Bruce W. Longenecker - Did Tertullian Succeed?

Stephen Cooper - Marcion: Anti-Jewish Christian Extremist or Forerunner of Theological Pluralism?

Harry Y. Gamble - The New Testament Canon

Tertullian - Against Marcion

Irenaeus - Against Heresies